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Smoking and Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)​

Smoking and Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a condition where the arteries that carry blood to your legs and feet become narrowed or blocked by fatty deposits. This restricts blood flow and can cause pain, ulcers, and in severe cases, gangrene that may lead to amputation. PAD is both common and underdiagnosed, affecting circulation and overall quality of life.

What are the symptoms of PAD?

  • Pain, cramping or tiredness in the legs or hips when walking (intermittent claudication)

  • Numbness, weakness or coldness in the legs and feet

  • Slow-healing wounds or sores on the legs, ankles or toes

  • Discoloured skin on the legs and feet

  • Severe cases may involve rest pain or tissue loss

How smoking contributes to PAD

Smoking is the strongest preventable risk factor for PAD. The chemicals in tobacco damage the lining of the arteries, making it easier for fatty deposits to build up. Nicotine also causes blood vessels to narrow, further reducing circulation. Smokers are up to four times more likely to develop PAD, and the disease progresses faster in people who continue to smoke.

How to reduce your risk of PAD

  • Quit smoking – the single most effective step to protect your circulation

  • Stay active – regular walking helps improve blood flow in the legs

  • Maintain a healthy diet low in saturated fats

  • Manage blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes if present

  • See your GP if you have persistent leg pain when walking

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